Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Potential relationships between circulating gene expression of ACE2, TLR4, and IL-17 and disease severity and outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The binding of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus spike protein to the cell membrane is mediated through its binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, resulting in viral entry, replication, and induction of a signaling cascade inducing pro-inflammatory responses that are linked to a higher mortality rate and the progression of ARDS, leading to multi-organ failure in these patients.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
gene	TLR4	“Potential relationships between circulating gene expression of ACE2, TLR4, and IL-17 and disease severity and outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	COVID-19	“Potential relationships between circulating gene expression of ACE2, TLR4, and IL-17 and disease severity and outcome of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Molecular dynamic analyses of the interaction of SARS-CoV-1 or 2 variants with various angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 species.

PMID 38344933 | DOI 10.1080/07391102.2024.2314745 · Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2025 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“The transmembrane glycoprotein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“It was shown to be the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the COVID-19 outbreak (SARS-COV-2).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“It was shown to be the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the COVID-19 outbreak (SARS-COV-2).”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Genetic risk factors for COVID-19 and influenza are largely distinct.

PMID 39103650 | PMCID PMC11319199 | DOI 10.1038/s41588-024-01844-1 · Nature genetics · 2024 · 5 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“These results mirror the observation that variants that downregulate ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, protect against COVID-19 (ref.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza are respiratory illnesses caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, respectively.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
gene	B3GALT5	“Furthermore, we discovered and replicated an association between influenza infection and noncoding variants in B3GALT5 and ST6GAL1, neither of which was associated with COVID-19.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
gene	ST6GAL1	“Furthermore, we discovered and replicated an association between influenza infection and noncoding variants in B3GALT5 and ST6GAL1, neither of which was associated with COVID-19.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1

Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human ACE2 Gene May Affect the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants.

PMID 38018194 | DOI 10.2174/0113816128275739231106055502 · Current pharmaceutical design · 2023 · 9 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Human ACE2 Gene May Affect the Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which first appeared in December 2019.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which first appeared in December 2019.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
variant	A242V	“The missense mutations A242V, R708W, G405E, D292N, Y633C, F308L, and G405E in ACE2 receptor were found to interact with RBD of Omicron subvariants with stronger binding affinity.”	0.82	literature_variant_regex_v2

Mechanistic Insight and Possible Mechanism of Seizure in Covid-19: The Nuances and Focal Points.

PMID 35585806 | DOI 10.2174/1871527321666220517115227 · CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2023 · 4 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“SARS-CoV-2 shows neuroinvasive and neurotropic capabilities through a neuronal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is also highly expressed in both neuronal and glial cells.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and presents various neurological symptoms, including seizures.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Mechanistic Insight and Possible Mechanism of Seizure in Covid-19: The Nuances and Focal Points.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	epilepsy	“COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and presents various neurological symptoms, including seizures.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

The relevant information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using the five-question approach (when, where, what, why, and how) and its impact on the environment.

PMID 35175517 | PMCID PMC8852932 | DOI 10.1007/s11356-022-18868-x · Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“The viral spike protein (S) significantly contributes to host cell entry, and mutations associated with it, particularly in the receptor-binding protein (RBD), either facilitate the escape of virus from neutralizing antibodies or enhance its transmission by increasing the affinity for cell entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The relevant information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using the five-question approach (when, where, what, why, and how) and its impact on the environment.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“In addition, COVID-19 pointed on the possible solutions for the environmental pollution globe problem.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

In silico prediction of potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using molecular docking and dynamics simulation-based drug repurposing.

PMID 36808314 | PMCID PMC9939377 | DOI 10.1007/s00894-023-05457-z · Journal of molecular modeling · 2023 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“More than half of those mutations were found in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) that directly interacts with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“BACKGROUND: In November 2021, variant B.1.1.529 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and designated Omicron.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“This study aimed to discover potent drugs against Omicron, which were previously repurposed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

The potential role of scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

PMID 37102664 | PMCID PMC10103078 | DOI 10.1002/iid3.786 · Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“SR-BI is colocalized with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) increasing the binding and affinity of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 with subsequent viral internalization.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“SR-BI is implicated as a receptor for entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“The potential role of scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI) in SARS-CoV-2 infection.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Evaluation of Potential Peptide-Based Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern.

PMID 37869628 | PMCID PMC10589072 | DOI 10.1155/2023/3892370 · BioMed research international · 2023 · 2 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor cell entry mechanism of this virus has not changed despite the vast mutation in emerging variants.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has greatly affected all aspect of life.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Host genetics impact on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunoglobulin levels and dynamics: The role of TP53, ABO, APOE, ACE2, HLA-A, and CRP genes.

PMID 36531241 | PMCID PMC9748098 | DOI 10.3389/fgene.2022.1028081 · Frontiers in genetics · 2022 · 26 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Host genetics impact on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunoglobulin levels and dynamics: The role of TP53, ABO, APOE, ACE2, HLA-A, and CRP genes.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Background: Development and worldwide availability of safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to fight severe symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and block the pandemic have been a great achievement and stimulated researchers on understanding the efficacy and duration of different vaccine types.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
gene	TP53	“Host genetics impact on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunoglobulin levels and dynamics: The role of TP53, ABO, APOE, ACE2, HLA-A, and CRP genes.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
gene	ABO	“Host genetics impact on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunoglobulin levels and dynamics: The role of TP53, ABO, APOE, ACE2, HLA-A, and CRP genes.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1

ACE2 polymorphisms impact COVID-19 severity in obese patients.

PMID 36513710 | PMCID PMC9748040 | DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-26072-7 · Scientific reports · 2022 · 8 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“ACE2 polymorphisms impact COVID-19 severity in obese patients.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is enhanced in obese individuals.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“ACE2 polymorphisms impact COVID-19 severity in obese patients.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	obesity	“A strong association between obesity and COVID-19 complications and a lack of prognostic factors that explain the unpredictable severity among these patients still exist despite the various vaccination programs.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Differential impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2 rs4343 G>A) and miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T gene alterations in COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.

PMID 35601073 | PMCID PMC9117950 | DOI 10.3892/etm.2022.11345 · Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022 · 7 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Differential impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2 rs4343 G>A) and miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T gene alterations in COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The recent coronavirus outbreak from Wuhan China in late 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in a global pandemic of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Differential impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2 rs4343 G>A) and miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T gene alterations in COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	coronary artery disease	“A strong correlation between the ACE2 rs4343 G>A genotype distribution among COVID-19 patients was reported with respect to their comorbid conditions including sex (P<0.023), coronary artery disease (P<0.0001), oxygen saturation <60 mm Hg (P<0.0009) and antiviral therapy (0.003).”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Mutational analysis of the spike protein of SARS-COV-2 isolates revealed atomistic features responsible for higher binding and infectivity.

PMID 36733340 | PMCID PMC9888553 | DOI 10.3389/fcell.2022.940863 · Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022 · 5 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Protein-protein docking with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and monoclonal antibody (4A8) revealed that mutation G446V in the receptor-binding domain; R102S and G181V in the N-terminal domain (NTD) significantly affected the binding and thus increased the infectivity.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Introduction: The perpetual appearance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), and its new variants devastated the public health and social fabric around the world.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
variant	G446V	“Protein-protein docking with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and monoclonal antibody (4A8) revealed that mutation G446V in the receptor-binding domain; R102S and G181V in the N-terminal domain (NTD) significantly affected the binding and thus increased the infectivity.”	0.82	literature_variant_regex_v2
variant	R102S	“Protein-protein docking with Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and monoclonal antibody (4A8) revealed that mutation G446V in the receptor-binding domain; R102S and G181V in the N-terminal domain (NTD) significantly affected the binding and thus increased the infectivity.”	0.82	literature_variant_regex_v2

Emergence, evolution, and vaccine production approaches of SARS-CoV-2 virus: Benefits of getting vaccinated and common questions.

PMID 34924802 | PMCID PMC8667566 | DOI 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.020 · Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022 · 4 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“The effective indels were observed in the gene encoding the spike protein that is responsible for viral attachment to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptor and initiating infection.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“This study analyzes the evolutionary background of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-2) in accordance with its close relative SARS-CoV (SARS-1), which was emerged in 2002.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Wuhan city, China at the end of 2019 made it urgent to identify the origin of the causal pathogen and its molecular evolution, to appropriately design an effective vaccine.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	MERS	“A comparative genomic and proteomic study was conducted on SARS-2, SARS-1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS), which was emerged in 2012.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Antiviral Effects of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Computational Evidences and Interactions with ACE2 Allelic Variants.

PMID 35215242 | PMCID PMC8877620 | DOI 10.3390/ph15020129 · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022 · 4 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Antiviral Effects of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Computational Evidences and Interactions with ACE2 Allelic Variants.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“To assess their potential use against COVID-19, the interactions of the main active principle of Artemisia with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) was investigated through in silico probing.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Fighting against the emergent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains a big challenge at the front of the world communities.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
variant	rs961360700	“The best score was recorded with rs961360700.”	0.90	hgvs_regex_v1

Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae).

PMID 33140706 | PMCID PMC7651195 | DOI 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840439 · Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2022 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“It also displayed a very strong binding affinity with the translation initiation and termination sequence sites of spike (S) protein mRNA of SARS-COV-2, its gene product, and host ACE2 receptor.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“In silico analysis was used in determining its molecular interaction with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae).”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Structural and functional insights into the major mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its interaction with human ACE2 receptor.

PMID 34955621 | PMCID PMC8686452 | DOI 10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101773 · Journal of King Saud University. Science · 2022 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Structural and functional insights into the major mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD and its interaction with human ACE2 receptor.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world jeopardizing the global economy and health.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world jeopardizing the global economy and health.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Lipopolysaccharide induces acute lung injury and alveolar haemorrhage in association with the cytokine storm, coagulopathy and AT1R/JAK/STAT augmentation in a rat model that mimics moderate and severe Covid-19 pathology.

PMID 35066912 | DOI 10.1111/1440-1681.13620 · Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology · 2022 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Progress in the study of Covid-19 disease in rodents has been hampered by the lack of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; virus entry route to the target cell) affinities for the virus spike proteins across species.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“A severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like effect was observed in the model group as demonstrated by the development of a "cytokine storm" (>2.7 fold increase in blood levels of IL-6, IL-17A, GM-CSF, and TNF-α), high blood ferritin, demonstrable coagulopathy, including elevated D-dimer (approximately 10-fold increase), PAI-1, PT, and APTT (p < 0.0001).”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Lipopolysaccharide induces acute lung injury and alveolar haemorrhage in association with the cytokine storm, coagulopathy and AT1R/JAK/STAT augmentation in a rat model that mimics moderate and severe Covid-19 pathology.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) genetic variations in COVID-19 infection: a literature review.

PMID 37521836 | PMCID PMC9142348 | DOI 10.1186/s43042-022-00309-6 · The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics · 2022 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) genetic variations in COVID-19 infection: a literature review.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“BACKGROUND: The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is recognized to be the fundamental receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), responsible for the worldwide Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) genetic variations in COVID-19 infection: a literature review.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

'All In One' SARS-CoV-2 variant recognition platform: Machine learning-enabled point of care diagnostics.

PMID 35036904 | PMCID PMC8743487 | DOI 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100105 · Biosensors & bioelectronics: X · 2022 · 2 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzymatic receptor, is chosen to be the biorecognition unit due to its high binding affinity towards spike proteins as a key-lock model.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Point of care (PoC) devices are highly demanding to control current pandemic, originated from severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

An in silico approach unveils the potential of antiviral compounds in preclinical and clinical trials as SARS-CoV-2 omicron inhibitors.

PMID 35475118 | PMCID PMC9026959 | DOI 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103297 · Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022 · 2 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“In this study, molecular docking experiments were carried out using the recently reported experimental structure of omicron spike protein in complex with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and various antivirals in preclinical and clinical trial studies.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The increased transmissibility and highly infectious nature of the new variant of concern (VOC) that is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron and lack of effective therapy need the rapid discovery of therapeutic antivirals against it.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Lipid Raft Integrity and Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis Are Critical for SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells.

PMID 36014919 | PMCID PMC9415163 | DOI 10.3390/nu14163417 · Nutrients · 2022 · 2 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Our results show that depletion of cholesterol in the rafts by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment impaired the expression of the cell surface receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulting in a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“However, the involvement of membrane cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into target cells is not well known.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Interact Differently with ACE2 Domains Reported to Bind with the Coronavirus Spike Protein: Mediation by ACE2 Polymorphism.

PMID 33525415 | PMCID PMC7865913 | DOI 10.3390/molecules26030673 · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · 8 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Interact Differently with ACE2 Domains Reported to Bind with the Coronavirus Spike Protein: Mediation by ACE2 Polymorphism.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection inducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still an ongoing challenge.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection inducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still an ongoing challenge.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	malaria	“Chloroquine (CQ) and its metabolite hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are mainly used to prevent and treat malaria and rheumatic diseases.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Covid-19 and development of heart failure: mystery and truth.

PMID 34480616 | PMCID PMC8417660 | DOI 10.1007/s00210-021-02147-6 · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2021 · 4 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“In reality, the expression of cardiac ACE2 is implicated as a target point for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute cardiac injury.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a novel worldwide pandemic caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Covid-19 and development of heart failure: mystery and truth.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	hypertension	“Hypoxic respiratory failure, as in pulmonary edema, severe acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may affect heart hemodynamic stability due to the development of pulmonary hypertension.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Relevance between COVID-19 and host genetics of immune response.

PMID 34305429 | PMCID PMC8285220 | DOI 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.037 · Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“SARS-CoV-2 infection is mediated by the binding of virus spike protein to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2).”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by the newly emerged corona virus (2019-nCoV alias SARS-CoV-2) that resembles the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Relevance between COVID-19 and host genetics of immune response.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Anti-Viral and Immunomodulatory Properties of Propolis: Chemical Diversity, Pharmacological Properties, Preclinical and Clinical Applications, and In Silico Potential against SARS-CoV-2.

PMID 34441553 | PMCID PMC8391193 | DOI 10.3390/foods10081776 · Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021 · 3 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Molecular docking studies have demonstrated high binding affinities of propolis derivatives to multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins, including 3C-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S-protein), and helicase (NSP13), as well as to the viral target angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“As an antiviral agent, propolis and various constituents have shown promising preclinical efficacy against adenoviruses, influenza viruses, respiratory tract viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
phenotype	COVID-19	“Measures of drug-likeness parameters, including metabolism, distribution, absorption, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) characteristics, also support the potential of propolis as an effective agent to combat COVID-19.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Anti-COVID-19 activity of some benzofused 1,2,3-triazolesulfonamide hybrids using in silico and in vitro analyses.

PMID 34538993 | PMCID PMC8434689 | DOI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2021.104421 · Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems : an international journal sponsored by the Chemometrics Society · 2021 · 2 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“The derivatives 4b and 4c were examined in vitro for their potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 and it was revealed that 4c was the most promising compound with IC50 reached 758.8108 mM and complete (100%) inhibition of the binding of SARS-CoV-2 virus to human ACE2 can be accomplished by using 0.01 mg.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic fatal infection with no known treatment.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Airways Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 Is Lower in Children Than Adults and Increases with Smoking and COPD.

PMID 32537478 | PMCID PMC7242205 | DOI 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.013 · Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2020 · 5 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“Airways Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 Is Lower in Children Than Adults and Increases with Smoking and COPD.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“It has been reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are the main cell entry proteins for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and play a critical role in causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
gene	TMPRSS2	“Airways Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 Is Lower in Children Than Adults and Increases with Smoking and COPD.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	COVID-19	“It has been reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) are the main cell entry proteins for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and play a critical role in causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortalities strongly correlate with ACE1 I/D genotype.

PMID 32628976 | PMCID PMC7833925 | DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144944 · Gene · 2020 · 5 validated mentions

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Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“For this reason, we investigated the involvement of genetic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-related genes, because ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
gene	ACE	“For this reason, we investigated the involvement of genetic factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with a focus on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-related genes, because ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	COVID-19	“SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortalities strongly correlate with ACE1 I/D genotype.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2

Molecular Insights into Human Transmembrane Protease Serine-2 (TMPS2) Inhibitors against SARS-CoV2: Homology Modelling, Molecular Dynamics, and Docking Studies.

PMID 33137894 | PMCID PMC7663346 | DOI 10.3390/molecules25215007 · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020 · 4 validated mentions

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Evidence preview

Type	Entity	Source evidence	Confidence	Extractor
gene	ACE2	“SARS-CoV2 infection depends on the host cell Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease-2 (TMPRSS2), where the virus uses ACE2 for entry and TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	SARS	“The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), which caused novel corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, necessitated a global demand for studies related to genes and enzymes of SARS-CoV2.”	0.93	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2
gene	TMPRSS2	“SARS-CoV2 infection depends on the host cell Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease-2 (TMPRSS2), where the virus uses ACE2 for entry and TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.”	0.98	hgnc_dict_v1
phenotype	COVID-19	“The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), which caused novel corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, necessitated a global demand for studies related to genes and enzymes of SARS-CoV2.”	0.98	phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2