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DPP4 and MERS are reported together in 14 articles.
Gene
DPP4
- HGNC
- HGNC:3009
26articles
26mentions
4variants with confirmed gene link
Most co-reported phenotypes (articles)
MERS 14diabetes mellitus 4COVID-19 2SARS 2Alzheimer disease 1gastric cancer 1inflammatory bowel disease 1intellectual disability 1
Reported variants (articles · ClinVar status)
Phenotype
MERS
230articles
230mentions
12co-reported genes shown
Most co-reported genes (articles)
Counts are literature co-mentions in SaudiVarKB, not clinical or causal assertions. Gene details: HGNC; variant status: ClinVar via dbSNP.
Publications
14 records shown · first 60A stabilized MERS-CoV spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust and protective neutralizing antibody responses.
PMID 41644950 | PMCID PMC12913901 | DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-68458-5 · Nature communications · 2026 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “In human DPP4 transgenic mice, immunization provided dose-dependent protection against MERS-CoV lethal challenge, and in an established alpaca challenge model using female alpacas, immunization fully protected against MERS-CoV infection.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “A stabilized MERS-CoV spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust and protective neutralizing antibody responses.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Q1020R in the spike proteins of MERS-CoV from Arabian camels confers resistance against soluble human DPP4.
PMID 41940670 | PMCID PMC13185592 | DOI 10.1128/jvi.00282-26 · Journal of virology · 2026 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “Q1020R in the spike proteins of MERS-CoV from Arabian camels confers resistance against soluble human DPP4.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Q1020R in the spike proteins of MERS-CoV from Arabian camels confers resistance against soluble human DPP4.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Molecular basis of convergent evolution of ACE2 receptor utilization among HKU5 coronaviruses.
PMID 39922192 | PMCID PMC12237432 | DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.032 · Cell · 2025 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “DPP4 was considered a canonical receptor for merbecoviruses until the recent discovery of African bat-borne MERS-related coronaviruses using ACE2.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “We show that MERS-CoV and HKU5 have markedly distinct antigenicity and identified several HKU5 inhibitors, including two clinical compounds.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | ACE2 | “Molecular basis of convergent evolution of ACE2 receptor utilization among HKU5 coronaviruses.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
The Differences in the Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS and SARS Coronaviruses.
PMID 40872828 | PMCID PMC12390686 | DOI 10.3390/v17081114 · Viruses · 2025 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “The nucleotide sequences of the MERS-CoV receptor gen (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)) from 30 Egyptians, 36 Sudanese, and 34 Saudi Arabians showed little difference.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “The Differences in the Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS and SARS Coronaviruses.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The nucleotide sequences of the MERS-CoV receptor gen (dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)) from 30 Egyptians, 36 Sudanese, and 34 Saudi Arabians showed little difference.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
Molecular basis of convergent evolution of ACE2 receptor utilization among HKU5 coronaviruses.
PMID 39253417 | PMCID PMC11383307 | DOI 10.1101/2024.08.28.608351 · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “DPP4 was considered a canonical receptor for merbecoviruses until the recent discovery of African bat-borne MERS-related coronaviruses using ACE2.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “We show that MERS-CoV and HKU5 have markedly distinct antigenicity, due to extensive genetic divergence, and identified several HKU5 inhibitors, including two clinical compounds.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | ACE2 | “Molecular basis of convergent evolution of ACE2 receptor utilization among HKU5 coronaviruses.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Low levels of soluble DPP4 among Saudis may have constituted a risk factor for MERS endemicity.
PMID 35413090 | PMCID PMC9004781 | DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0266603 · PloS one · 2022 · 7 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “Low levels of soluble DPP4 among Saudis may have constituted a risk factor for MERS endemicity.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Low levels of soluble DPP4 among Saudis may have constituted a risk factor for MERS endemicity.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Most of the cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were reported in Saudi Arabia. We investigated whether the Saudi population has lower levels of sDPP4 which makes them more susceptible to MERS-CoV infection and, therefore, could explain the larger number of cases from the country. Blood samples were collected from 219 Saudi blood donors and 200 blood donors from other ethnic groups. Herein, we report that the Saudi population has lower levels of plasma sDPP4 than other ethnic groups, which is associated with genetic variants in the DPP4 gene. This may have contributed to increase the susceptibility of the Saudi population to MERS-CoV infection and could be a factor in the long-lasting persistence of the virus in the country.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| variant | rs35128070 | “The plasma level of sDPP4 was measured by ELISA and the following SNPs in the DPP4 gene; rs35128070, rs1861978, rs79700168, and rs17574, were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay.” | 0.90 | hgvs_regex_v1 |
Differential expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-5 (CEACAM5) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) with detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in peripheral blood.
PMID 36279687 | PMCID PMC9576204 | DOI 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.10.008 · Journal of infection and public health · 2022 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “Differential expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-5 (CEACAM5) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) with detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in peripheral blood.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “BACKGROUND: Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) utilizes CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) and CD66e or CEACAM5 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5) receptors for cell infection.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | CEACAM5 | “Differential expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-5 (CEACAM5) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) with detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in peripheral blood.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Exploring structural dynamics of the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and mutant DPP4 receptors.
PMID 32909925 | DOI 10.1080/07391102.2020.1818626 · Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2022 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “Exploring structural dynamics of the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and mutant DPP4 receptors.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Exploring structural dynamics of the MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and mutant DPP4 receptors.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Genetic Insights into the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Saudi People.
PMID 34696302 | PMCID PMC8539242 | DOI 10.3390/vaccines9101193 · Vaccines · 2021 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “METHOD: A large list of point mutations were reported in the region of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Genetic Insights into the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Saudi People.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Genetic Insights into the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Saudi People. BACKGROUND: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was isolated for the first time in Saudi Arabia from a patient suffering from atypical pneumonia. The Saudi Genome database was built by King Abdulaziz Medical City via the next-generation sequencing of 7000 candidates. The variation frequency of SNP 2:162,890,175 was 2321 out of 2379 screened individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows high variation frequency in the DPP4 region reported in the Saudi Genome database.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
Quantification of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus RNA in Tissues by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR.
PMID 31883090 | PMCID PMC7122982 | DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_8 · Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2020 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “To study the pathogenesis of MERS-CoV infection and development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) for MERS, a number of genetically modified mouse models have been developed, including various versions of transgenic mice expressing the human DPP4 viral receptor.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Since the emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, more than 2280 confirmed human infections and 800 associated deaths had been reported to the World Health Organization.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
A review of candidate therapies for Middle East respiratory syndrome from a molecular perspective.
PMID 28855003 | PMCID PMC7079582 | DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.000565 · Journal of medical microbiology · 2017 · 4 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “The Medline database was searched using combinations and variations of terms, including 'Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus', 'MERS-CoV', 'SARS', 'therapy', 'molecular', 'vaccine', 'prophylactic', 'S protein', 'DPP4', 'heptad repeat', 'protease', 'inhibitor', 'anti-viral', 'broad-spectrum', 'interferon', 'convalescent plasma', 'lopinavir ritonavir', 'antibodies', 'antiviral peptides' and 'live attenuated viruses'.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “A review of candidate therapies for Middle East respiratory syndrome from a molecular perspective.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | TMPRSS2 | “These include viral S protein targeting; inhibitors of host proteases, including TMPRSS2, cathepsin L and furin protease, and of viral M(pro) and the PL(pro) proteases; convalescent plasma; and vaccine candidates.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | SARS | “The current therapies have mainly been adapted from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) treatments, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids, interferons, ribavirin, lopinavir-ritonavir or mycophenolate mofetil, and have not been subject to well-organized clinical trials.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice.
PMID 28348219 | PMCID PMC5393213 | DOI 10.1073/pnas.1619109114 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012, caused by a zoonotically transmitted coronavirus (CoV). Over 1,900 cases have been reported to date, with ∼36% fatality rate.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
Middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus spike glycoprotein suppresses macrophage responses via DPP4-mediated induction of IRAK-M and PPARγ.
PMID 28118607 | PMCID PMC5354714 | DOI 10.18632/oncotarget.14754 · Oncotarget · 2017 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “MERS-CoV infects cells via its Spike (S) glycoprotein that binds on Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor present on macrophages.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Middle east respiratory syndrome corona virus spike glycoprotein suppresses macrophage responses via DPP4-mediated induction of IRAK-M and PPARγ.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
PMID 29152574 | PMCID PMC5687858 | DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aao4966 · Science advances · 2017 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | DPP4 | “Notably, direct intragastric inoculation of MERS-CoV caused a lethal infection in human DPP4 transgenic mice.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | MERS | “Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.” | 0.93 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |