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KRAS and lung cancer are reported together in 19 articles.
Gene
KRAS
- HGNC
- HGNC:6407
119articles
119mentions
2variants with confirmed gene link
Most co-reported phenotypes (articles)
colorectal cancer 41lung cancer 19thyroid cancer 10breast cancer 5lymphoma 3diabetes mellitus 2leukemia 2cardiomyopathy 1
Reported variants (articles · ClinVar status)
Phenotype
Lung cancer
398articles
398mentions
12co-reported genes shown
Most co-reported genes (articles)
Counts are literature co-mentions in SaudiVarKB, not clinical or causal assertions. Gene details: HGNC; variant status: ClinVar via dbSNP.
Publications
19 records shown · first 60KRASG12D/G13D-USP15 axis promotes TGF-β/SMAD signaling and glycolytic flux to accelerate NSCLC pathogenesis.
PMID 41317688 | DOI 10.1016/j.lungcan.2025.108848 · Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026 · 5 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with activating KRAS mutations representing a key oncogenic driver.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with activating KRAS mutations representing a key oncogenic driver.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | USP15 | “We identified ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) as a pivotal regulator in KRAS-driven metabolic remodeling and tumor progression.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | SMAD4 | “Mechanistically, USP15 stabilized SMAD4 by deubiquitination and promoted the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, thereby sustaining TGF-β/SMAD pathway activation.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Prevalence of Molecular Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Current Treatment Approaches in the MENA Region: Systematic Review and Expert Opinion.
PMID 40927306 | PMCID PMC12416486 | DOI 10.36401/JIPO-24-35 · Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2025 · 6 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “This study aims to investigate the prevalence of ALK, EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, MET, BRAF, and HER2 mutations in patients with NSCLC within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to assess the current state of molecular testing and targeted treatments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Prevalence of Molecular Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Current Treatment Approaches in the MENA Region: Systematic Review and Expert Opinion.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | ALK | “This study aims to investigate the prevalence of ALK, EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, MET, BRAF, and HER2 mutations in patients with NSCLC within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to assess the current state of molecular testing and targeted treatments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | EGFR | “This study aims to investigate the prevalence of ALK, EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, MET, BRAF, and HER2 mutations in patients with NSCLC within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to assess the current state of molecular testing and targeted treatments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Unlocking the Molecular Targets in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and a Nanomedicine-Based Remedy.
PMID 40460415 | DOI 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2024053289 · Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems · 2025 · 5 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “It has prominent levels of mutated genes such as TP53, KRAS, MET, and EGFR.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Unlocking the Molecular Targets in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and a Nanomedicine-Based Remedy.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | TP53 | “It has prominent levels of mutated genes such as TP53, KRAS, MET, and EGFR.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | EGFR | “It has prominent levels of mutated genes such as TP53, KRAS, MET, and EGFR.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Tumor-educated platelets in lung cancer.
PMID 40228574 | DOI 10.1016/j.cca.2025.120307 · Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2025 · 4 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “RNA sequencing technology based on TEP demonstrates excellent diagnostic power by correctly identifying LC patients alongside their oncogenic alterations of EGFR, KRAS, and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Tumor-educated platelets in lung cancer.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | EGFR | “RNA sequencing technology based on TEP demonstrates excellent diagnostic power by correctly identifying LC patients alongside their oncogenic alterations of EGFR, KRAS, and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | ALK | “RNA sequencing technology based on TEP demonstrates excellent diagnostic power by correctly identifying LC patients alongside their oncogenic alterations of EGFR, KRAS, and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Broad-Spectrum RAS Inhibition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Mechanistic Advances and Therapeutic Promise.
PMID 41471277 | PMCID PMC12735763 | DOI 10.3390/ph18121788 · Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025 · 4 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “The RAS family of oncoproteins (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS) drive aggressive cancers like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet targeting mutant RAS has historically been challenging due to its "undruggable" structure.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “The RAS family of oncoproteins (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS) drive aggressive cancers like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet targeting mutant RAS has historically been challenging due to its "undruggable" structure.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | HRAS | “The RAS family of oncoproteins (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS) drive aggressive cancers like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet targeting mutant RAS has historically been challenging due to its "undruggable" structure.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | NRAS | “The RAS family of oncoproteins (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS) drive aggressive cancers like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet targeting mutant RAS has historically been challenging due to its "undruggable" structure.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Targeting KRAS-G12C in lung cancer: The emerging role of PROTACs in overcoming resistance.
PMID 40233529 | DOI 10.1016/j.prp.2025.155954 · Pathology, research and practice · 2025 · 3 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “In lung cancer, KRAS mutations, especially the G12C, favor aggressive tumor growth and resistance to standard therapies.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Targeting KRAS-G12C in lung cancer: The emerging role of PROTACs in overcoming resistance.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| variant | G12C | “In lung cancer, KRAS mutations, especially the G12C, favor aggressive tumor growth and resistance to standard therapies.” | 0.82 | literature_variant_regex_v2 |
QSAR-guided discovery of novel KRAS inhibitors for lung cancer therapy.
PMID 41333851 | PMCID PMC12665777 | DOI 10.3389/fbinf.2025.1663846 · Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “QSAR-guided discovery of novel KRAS inhibitors for lung cancer therapy.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “QSAR-guided discovery of novel KRAS inhibitors for lung cancer therapy.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Prospective virtual screening combined with bio-molecular simulation enabled identification of new inhibitors for the KRAS drug target.
PMID 38528576 | PMCID PMC10964497 | DOI 10.1186/s13065-024-01152-z · BMC chemistry · 2024 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “Prospective virtual screening combined with bio-molecular simulation enabled identification of new inhibitors for the KRAS drug target.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Lung cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate and it is the number one cause of cancer death globally.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
Recent Developments and Challenges in Molecular-Targeted Therapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
PMID 36734951 | DOI 10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2022042983 · Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer · 2023 · 5 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “Molecular abnormalities related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (B-RAF) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations, translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification have been studied to overcome the resistance and to develop new therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Recent Developments and Challenges in Molecular-Targeted Therapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | EGFR | “Molecular abnormalities related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (B-RAF) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations, translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification have been studied to overcome the resistance and to develop new therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | ALK | “Molecular abnormalities related to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (B-RAF) Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutations, translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification have been studied to overcome the resistance and to develop new therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Identification of novel peptide inhibitors for oncogenic KRAS G12D as therapeutic options using mutagenesis-based remodeling and MD simulations.
PMID 37010994 | DOI 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192298 · Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2023 · 5 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “Identification of novel peptide inhibitors for oncogenic KRAS G12D as therapeutic options using mutagenesis-based remodeling and MD simulations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Among all the mutations in exon 12 and exon 13 of the KRAS gene, the G12D mutation is more prevalent in pancreatic and lung cancer and accounts for around 41% of all G12 mutations, making them potential anticancer therapeutic targets.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | HRAS | “Human malignancies typically show mutations in the Ras gene including HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | NRAS | “Human malignancies typically show mutations in the Ras gene including HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Deciphering signaling pathway interplay via miRNAs in malignant pleural mesothelioma.
PMID 37977032 | DOI 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154947 · Pathology, research and practice · 2023 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “In addition, miRNAs have been found to have a role in various regulatory signaling pathways associated with MPM, such as the Notch signaling network, Wnt/β-catenin, mutation of KRAS, JAK/STAT signaling circuit, protein kinase B (AKT), and Hedgehog signaling pathway.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly invasive form of lung cancer that adversely affects the pleural and other linings of the lungs.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
The Role of Tissue and Liquid Biopsy in the Clinical Management of Adult Lung Cancer Patients in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
PMID 35004079 | PMCID PMC8724526 | DOI 10.7759/cureus.20914 · Cureus · 2022 · 8 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “For a panel of 12 genes, 25% had the tumor protein 53 (TP53) gene mutation and 39% had the gene Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “The Role of Tissue and Liquid Biopsy in the Clinical Management of Adult Lung Cancer Patients in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | EGFR | “Single gene testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for patients who underwent tissue biopsy showed a 35% mutation rate.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | ALK | “For the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene, 13% were found to be mutated; for the ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) gene, only 7% were seen to be mutated.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Oncogenic dependency on STAT3 serine phosphorylation in KRAS mutant lung cancer.
PMID 34857889 | DOI 10.1038/s41388-021-02134-4 · Oncogene · 2022 · 4 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “Oncogenic dependency on STAT3 serine phosphorylation in KRAS mutant lung cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Oncogenic dependency on STAT3 serine phosphorylation in KRAS mutant lung cancer.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | STAT3 | “Oncogenic dependency on STAT3 serine phosphorylation in KRAS mutant lung cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | TFAM | “Notably, we uncover the multifaceted capacity of constitutive pS727-STAT3 to metabolically reprogramme LAC cells towards a hyper-proliferative state by regulating nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) gene transcription, the latter via the mtDNA transcription factor, TFAM.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Profiling non-small cell lung cancer reveals that PD-L1 is associated with wild type EGFR and vascular invasion, and immunohistochemistry quantification of PD-L1 correlates weakly with RT-qPCR.
PMID 33956842 | PMCID PMC8101740 | DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0251080 · PloS one · 2021 · 6 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “851 cases of non-small cell lung cancer cases were profiled for the presence of biomarkers EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations by SNaPshot/sizing genotyping.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Profiling non-small cell lung cancer reveals that PD-L1 is associated with wild type EGFR and vascular invasion, and immunohistochemistry quantification of PD-L1 correlates weakly with RT-qPCR.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | EGFR | “Profiling non-small cell lung cancer reveals that PD-L1 is associated with wild type EGFR and vascular invasion, and immunohistochemistry quantification of PD-L1 correlates weakly with RT-qPCR.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | ROS1 | “EGFR, ALK, ROS1) and checkpoint inhibitors such anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 immunotherapies are being used to treat lung cancer patients.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Molecular profiling of non-small cell lung cancer.
PMID 32756609 | PMCID PMC7406040 | DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0236580 · PloS one · 2020 · 6 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “833 samples of non-small cell lung cancer from 799 patients who received resection of their lung cancer, were selected for molecular analysis of six known mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2 and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Molecular profiling of non-small cell lung cancer.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | EGFR | “833 samples of non-small cell lung cancer from 799 patients who received resection of their lung cancer, were selected for molecular analysis of six known mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2 and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “833 samples of non-small cell lung cancer from 799 patients who received resection of their lung cancer, were selected for molecular analysis of six known mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2 and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Prevention of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumor Development by a Novel STAT3 Decoy Inhibitor.
PMID 32655003 | PMCID PMC7485626 | DOI 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0033 · Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020 · 5 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “Chemopreventive effects were independent of the KRAS mutational status of the tumors.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “The STAT3 pathway is frequently overactive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an often fatal disease with known risk factors including tobacco and chemical exposures.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | STAT3 | “Prevention of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumor Development by a Novel STAT3 Decoy Inhibitor.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | VEGFA | “Chemopreventive effects were accompanied by decreased VEGFA expression, ablated IL6, COX-2, and p-NF-κB, and decreased pulmonary M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
Computational systems biology analysis of biomarkers in lung cancer; unravelling genomic regions which frequently encode biomarkers, enriched pathways, and new candidates.
PMID 29555200 | DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.038 · Gene · 2018 · 14 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “EGFR (receptor), TP53 (transcription factor), KRAS, CDKN2A, ENO2, KRT19, RASSF1, GRP (ligand), SHOX2 (transcription factor), and ERBB2 (receptor) were the most studied proteins.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “Computational systems biology analysis of biomarkers in lung cancer; unravelling genomic regions which frequently encode biomarkers, enriched pathways, and new candidates.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | MIR21 | “MIR21, MIR155, MALAT1, and MIR31 were the top non-coding RNA biomarkers of lung cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | MIR155 | “MIR21, MIR155, MALAT1, and MIR31 were the top non-coding RNA biomarkers of lung cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
C. elegans and mutants with chronic nicotine exposure as a novel model of cancer phenotype.
PMID 26574927 | PMCID PMC6093410 | DOI 10.1080/15384047.2015.1108495 · Cancer biology & therapy · 2016 · 2 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “The inactive orthlogues of the receptor tyrosine kinase Eph and MET, namely vab-1 and RB2088 respectively, the temperature sensitive constitutively active form of KRAS, SD551 (let-60; GA89) and the inactive c-CBL equivalent mutants in sli-1 (PS2728, PS1258, and MT13032) when subjected to chronic exposure of nicotine resulted in a significant loss in egg-laying capacity and fertility.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “We previously investigated MET and its oncogenic mutants relevant to lung cancer in C. elegans.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
KRAS(G12D)-mediated oncogenic transformation of thyroid follicular cells requires long-term TSH stimulation and is regulated by SPRY1.
PMID 26146959 | PMCID PMC6289253 | DOI 10.1038/labinvest.2015.90 · Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2015 · 5 validated mentions
Evidence preview
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | KRAS | “KRAS(G12D)-mediated oncogenic transformation of thyroid follicular cells requires long-term TSH stimulation and is regulated by SPRY1.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| phenotype | lung cancer | “KRAS(G12D) can cause lung cancer rapidly, but is not sufficient to induce thyroid cancer.” | 0.98 | phenotype_alias_lexicon_v2 |
| gene | SPRY1 | “KRAS(G12D)-mediated oncogenic transformation of thyroid follicular cells requires long-term TSH stimulation and is regulated by SPRY1.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The expression of SPRY1, a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, was analyzed in both KRAS(G12D)-and BRAF(V600E)-induced thyroid cancers.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |