Population record
Saudi Arabia · 50 retained evidence mentions
Source-grounded findings
Supporting evidence
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| population | Saudi Arabia | “POLG-related disorders: Clinical and molecular Spectrum in the Saudi population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 19 molecularly confirmed cases with POLG-related disorders from 16 unrelated families in six different referral centers.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Pediatric Rotavirus A Infection Among 337,019 Participants Within Asia: A Pan-Asian Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Higher test positivity rates were reported in studies from Saudi Arabia (49.3%), Iran (35.2%), Malaysia (33.0%), and India (29.4%), whereas lower proportions were observed in China (13.0%) and Pakistan (18.8%).” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Role of the alpha-1 antitrypsin in the progression and severity of COVID-19 infection among Saudi patients. We aimed to screen frequencies of A1AT gene polymorphism among COVID-19 Saudi patients and its relation to severity. METHODS: Through cross-sectional study, we examined 100 COVID-19 Saudi patients to explore possible correlation between A1AT/interleukin 6 (IL-6) ratio and COVID-19 severity.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Whole-Exome Sequencing Reveals Rare Genetic Variants in Saudi COVID-19 Patients with Extreme Phenotypes.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Emotional coping strategies in children with and without special educational needs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted children's daily lives, especially those of children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Participants were recruited from all regions of Saudi Arabia through text messages sent to beneficiaries of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development, the Autism Center of Excellence, and the Authority for Persons with Disabilities.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Clinical Spectrum and Outcomes of Ocular Syphilis in Saudi Arabia: The Emergence of a Uveitic Masquerader. This retrospective multicenter cohort study aimed to describe the clinical features and report the outcomes of the management of ocular syphilis in Saudi Arabia. Thirty-three eyes of 19 patients with ocular syphilis were reviewed, including data on visual acuity, signs of anterior and posterior uveitis, systemic work-up, and treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the emergence of ocular syphilis in Saudi Arabia and the need for ophthalmologists to recognize its diverse clinical and multimodal retinal imaging features to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Pakistan was mainly collaborating with the USA, the UK, Saudi Arabia, and China. The detection of undiagnosed post-COVID-19 pandemic TB cases is crucial to control further cases in the region.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Challenges, practices, and impact of COVID-19 among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in cities and remote areas in Saudi Arabia. BACKGROUND: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across Saudi Arabia have experienced tremendous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS: We investigated challenges and practices related to COVID-19 and their impact among Saudi mothers of children with ASD in cities and remote areas during the pandemic. RECOMMENDATIONS: Intervention services, community-based education programs, and electronic media are recommended for use with mothers in Saudi Arabia to increase awareness of COVID-19, improve practices, and minimize challenges in protecting their children with ASD.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Risk Factors for Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and COVID-19 Disease-A Retrospective Study at a Major Saudi Tertiary Center. This retrospective study aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 on patients with G6PD deficiency by comparing the laboratory parameters of patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency alone, COVID-19 alone, and those with both COVID-19 and G6PD enzyme deficiency treated at a major Saudi tertiary center.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Relationship of ABO and Rh Blood Group Types With Severe COVID-19 Disease Mortality in ICU Patients: Insights From a Single-Center Experience in Southern Saudi Arabia. This study explores the role of genetic variations in blood group antigens, particularly ABO and RhD, in shaping mortality rates among critically ill COVID-19 patients in the southern region of Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Prevalence and Characteristics of Knee Osteoarthritis Among the General Public in Saudi Arabia. This research aims to examine the prevalence and characteristics of knee OA among the general public in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This cross-sectional online survey was conducted in September 2023 in Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 1,019 individuals participated in this study.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Blood coagulation, risk factors and associated complications in COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Parents' Concerns, Behavior, Perception, and Hesitancy Regarding COVID-19 Vaccinations for Children in Central Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Health (MoH) has implemented strict rules to ensure COVID-19 vaccination uptake by the general public. We aimed to determine the concerns, behaviors, perceptions, and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination among parents for their children in Saudi Arabia. In total, 87% of the parents were satisfied with the vaccination services and effective policies of the MoH, Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “This study aimed to investigate the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines on sickle cell patients, providing a comprehensive evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind conducted in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccines on Hospital Admission and Severity of Symptoms Among COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia, 2021. Introduction Following the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, Saudi Arabia took unpreceded precautions to prevent and control the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection. This study aimed to assess the effect of one dose of COVID-19 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech, Manhattan, New York City, and Oxford-AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom) among the Saudi population regarding symptom severity, hospital admission rate, and death. Methods An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from COVID-19 surveillance records at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Saudi Arabia, from January to May 2021. The median age was 34 (IQR 25-51), primarily Saudi (94.6%) and male (59.5%).” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Correction to: Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among parents of children with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among parents of children with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. 400 parents from all the major regions in Saudi Arabia participated in and shared their beliefs about the new COVID-19 vaccination for their children. CONCLUSION: The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders was low compared to the parents of healthy children in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Pattern of self-reported adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide study. We therefore aimed to explore major and minor AEs among vaccinated individuals in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a nationwide report based on the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH) registry. The study included spontaneous self-reported adverse effects to COVID-19 vaccines where the study participants used a governmental mobile app (Sehhaty) to report their AEs following vaccination using a checklist option that included a selection of side-effects. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine side-effects among adults in Saudi Arabia were mild in nature.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Saudi Arabia registered the first case of COVID-19 on March 2, 2020. METHODS: Cross-sectional retrospective study was done in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted on previously diagnosed COVID-19 patients by random selection using a predesigned online questionnaire to collect data. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is associated with many neurological manifestations in the population of Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Performance of CURB-65 and ISARIC 4C mortality scores for hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the validity of the ISARIC-4C score as a triage tool for hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia and to compare its performance with the CURB-65 score. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted between March 2020 and May 2021 at KFHU, Saudi Arabia, using 542 confirmed COVID-19 patient data on the variables relevant to the application of the ISARIC-4C mortality score and the CURB-65 score. CONCLUSION: Study results support external validation of the ISARIC-4C score in predicting the mortality risk of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Relationship between KIR genotypes and HLA-ligands with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Saudi population. AIM: To ascertain whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes polymorphisms and HLA-I ligands are associated with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Eighty-seven COVID-19 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and one hundred and fourteen healthy controls were enrolled in this study for genotyping of the 16 KIR genes, HLA-C1 and -C2 allotypes and HLA-G 14-bp indels polymorphisms using the sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) method. CONCLUSION: It was found that the inhibitory KIR2DL2 gene in isolation or combined with its HLA-C2 ligand could be associated with susceptibility to COVID-19 in the Saudi population.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Predictors of the Third (Booster) Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among the Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey. The current study analysed factors predicting the third (booster) dose of COVID-19 vaccine intention, including the health belief model (HBM), among the healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional online survey performed from 1st October 2021 to 30th November 2021, using a questionnaire prepared in GoogleTM form among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire asked demographic factors, COVID-19 experience of participants, subjective assessment of health, intention of COVID-19 booster dose vaccination, preferences for local/foreign-made vaccines, and health belief of the study population related to COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 booster dose. Conclusions: The results of the present study can guide policy makers in their efforts to promote booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination among the healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Types of Variants Among Increased Cases of COVID-19 in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia in June 2021. Background The western region of Saudi Arabia is the most populous and diverse. All genetically tested COVID-19 patients were included.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The present study investigated the association of the ACE2 rs4343 G>A and miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T gene polymorphisms with severity and mortality of COVID-19 using amplification refractory mutation system PCR in 117 COVID-19 patients and 103 healthy controls from three regions of Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in special groups: A single-center experience in sickle cell disease patients in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report a case series of ten SCD patients who were affected by COVID-19 and required admission between May 1, 2020, and October 30, 2020, at a tertiary care hospital in Dhahran, eastern region of Saudi Arabia. However, further studies are required to better understand COVID-19 behavior in SCD patients.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia: A Single Centre Study. METHODS: The objective of retrospective analysis was to assess clinical and treatment outcomes in mild to moderate symptoms in non-ICU patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to major tertiary care hospitals in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia, between April and August 2020.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “DNA Methylation Level of Transcription Factor Binding Site in the Promoter Region of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Family Member 3 (ACSF3) in Saudi Autistic Children. This research aims to study DNAm in the transcription factor (TF) binding site of ACSF3 in Saudi autistic children. DNA and RNA were extracted from 19 cases of ASD children and 18 control samples from their healthy siblings.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “COVID-19 reinfection: A multicenter retrospective study in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included five hospitals across Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: A total of 35,288 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were observed between March 2020 and August 2021.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Mental health impact of COVID-19 on Saudi families and children with special educational needs and disabilities in Saudi Arabia: A national perspective. The current study examines the anxiety level and concerns of children with SEND and their parents living in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Outcome of Status Epilepticus Among Adults in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. Results The study included 19 adult patients with SE whose ages ranged from seven to 87 years with a mean age of 33.4 ± 22.5 years.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “COVID-19 vaccine had a significant positive impact on patients with SARS-COV-2 during the third (Omicron) wave in Saudi Arabia. INTRODUCTION: The third (Omicron) wave had caused significant increase in the number of COVID-19 cases around the globe. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of infected COVID-19 patients during the third (Omicron) wave in a hospital in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Knowledge, perception, and acceptance toward the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among patients visiting dental clinics in Aseer region of KSA. The current cross-sectional survey was designed to evaluate the knowledge, perception, and acceptance of the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine among the patients visiting the various dental clinics in Aseer region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “A sex biasness towards male COVID-19 patient samples sequencing has been observed over female patient samples in all age-group, that could be the trend in infection rate. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a total of 13 estimated countries, including Italy, India, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, United States, Russia, and Denmark, could be the possible origin introduced SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Bangladesh because of regional and intercontinental travel.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “COVID-19 in Saudi Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Retrospective Multi-Center Study. Background The prevalence of sickle cell disease (SCD) within Saudi Arabia is relatively high, with an estimated 145/10,000 cases. There is an urgent need for researching many aspects of the Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) due to the widespread of the virus among SCD patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a retrospective chart review study from a multi-center in Saudi Arabia that evaluated a total of 33 patients with sickle cell anemia/disease who were confirmed to have COVID-19. Results The mean age of patients was 10.75+9.11 years, and nearly all patients (n= 32; 96.9%) were Saudi, and 48.4% of them were females.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Clinical features and prognostic factors of intensive and non-intensive 1014 COVID-19 patients: an experience cohort from Alahsa, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted for the laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to six Saudi Ministry of Health's hospitals in Alahsa, between March 1, 2020, and July 30, 2020, by reviewing patient's medical records retrospectively.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Study of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Objectives To identify manifestations and predisposing factors for post-COVID-19 syndrome in Saudi Arabia. It included male and female inhabitants of Saudi Arabia aged 18 years and above with a past history of COVID-19 infection. Results A total of 85.3% of post-COVID-19 cases had general manifestations: 77.3% had musculoskeletal and joint complaints, 61.3% had mental and psychological problems, 58.7% had gastrointestinal manifestations, 44% had renal complaints, 41.3% had respiratory complaints, and 36.0% had cardiovascular symptoms.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Awareness and Knowledge Towards Pediatric and Adult COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross Sectional Community-based Study in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness among general population towards covid-19 in adult and pediatric population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness among adult Saudi people toward covid-19 vaccine for adults and children. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional, community-based study among a representative sample (N=1373) of adult population in Saudi Arabia during October 2021.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Aftermath of the COVID-19 Crisis in Saudi Arabia: Respiratory Rehabilitation Recommendations by Physical Therapists. Since late 2019, the number of COVID-19 patients has gradually increased in certain regions as consecutive waves of infections hit countries. A group of respiratory rehabilitation care professionals in Saudi Arabia and international experts have agreed with the World Health bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Pediatric Asthma Exacerbation in Children with Suspected and Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Observational Study from Saudi Arabia. While there have been data about the impact of COVID-19 on adult asthma, much remains unknown about the impact of COVID-19 on childhood asthma.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “BACKGROUND: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was the fourth country in the world to authorize the BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, which it rolled out on December 17, 2020 and first targeted at healthcare workers (HCWs). The survey included sociodemographic details, previous contact with COVID-19 patients, previous infection with COVID-19, receiving (or registering with the Ministry of Health website to receive) the COVID-19 vaccine, sources of HCWs' information on vaccines, awareness of emerging variants of concern, and anxiety level using the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder assessment. 29.6%, P = 0.005), Saudi HCWs than expatriates (78% vs 22%, P < 0.001), and among HCWs who used social media as a source of information than those who did not (69.8% vs. In a multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with uptake were being a Saudi national (aOR = 1.918, 95 %CI = 1.363-2.698, P < 0.001), working in an intensive care unit (aOR = 1.495, 95 %CI = 1.083-2.063, P = 0.014), and working at a university hospital (aOR = 1.867, 95 %CI = 1.380-2.525, P < 0.001).” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Association between HLA genotype and ferritin levels in COVID-19 infection: a study of a Saudi cohort. BACKGROUND: An elevation in serum ferritin levels through an unknown mechanism was observed in COVID-19 infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-six COVID-19 Saudi patients were divided into two groups according to their ferritin levels: group 1 (<500 ng/mL, N = 67) and group 2 (>500 ng/mL, N = 69).” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey. The success of COVID-19 vaccination depends on individual's vaccine acceptance. The objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing the acceptance and hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia. This study provides an insight into factors - other than the sociodemographic - influencing the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Frequency of HLA alleles among COVID-19 infected patients: Preliminary data from Saudi Arabia. In this study, the frequency of HLA alleles among Saudi patients infected with COVID-19 was examined. This study included 135 Saudi COVID-19-infected patients (106 recovered and 29 died) who were admitted to hospitals because of their symptoms, and 135 healthy controls.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “VPS45-associated SCN5 is a very rare condition with only 19 patients previously reported in the literature. This paper reports the first two cases of VPS45-associated SCN5 in Saudi Arabia and describes the treatment approaches for periodontal disease as a manifestation of that disorder since the existing dental literature is lacking sufficient information on the management of those kinds of patients.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on seizure control and self-reported stress on patient with epilepsy. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia in April 2020.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “The Middle East countries (Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, The State of Palestine, Syria, Turkey, The United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) were evaluated in succession. Raw data were extracted, and 19 case-control studies were included in our final analysis.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Causes of irreversible unilateral or bilateral blindness in the Al Baha region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PURPOSE: To determine the causes of irreversible unilateral and bilateral blindness that cannot be rehabilitated medically, optically nor surgically in Al Baha province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: There were a retrospective chart review and examination of patients presenting to King Fahad Hospital Al Baha, Saudi Arabia, with unilateral or bilateral blindness from June 2011 to September 2011. The most common causes of unilateral blindness were diabetes mellitus (DM) (19 patients; 27%), glaucoma (17 patients; 23%) and retinal diseases (other than that caused by DM) (17 patients; 23%). CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus and then glaucoma are the major causes of irreversible blindness in the Al Baha region in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “METHODS: We studied three families from Saudi Arabia (Family A), Kuwait (Family B) and Yemen (Family C) with 19 individuals affected by CADASIL.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “We retrospectively reviewed 19 patients (11 male, 8 female) with infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) seen at a tertiary care hospital. Our data suggests that ISH is a commonly diagnosed disorder in Saudi Arabia and among Arabs.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |
| population | Saudi Arabia | “Experience from southwestern Saudi Arabia. Twenty-five confirmed cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection due to blood transfusion have been documented at King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in Al-Baha, southwestern Saudi Arabia since 1986, but complete follow-up was only possible on 19 of these cases and their contacts. This highlights the importance of medical advice to those mothers regarding conception and/or breast-feeding, particularly as breast-feeding up to 2 years is not an uncommon practice among Saudi women.” | 0.95 | saudi_context_rules_v1 |