BRAF
HGNC:1097 · 144 retained evidence mentions
Source-grounded findings
Supporting evidence
| Type | Entity | Source evidence | Confidence | Extractor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gene | BRAF | “In BTCs, especially intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, comprehensive molecular profiling has expanded precision oncology through actionable alterations such as FGFR2 rearrangements, IDH1 mutations, HER2 amplification/overexpression, BRAF V600E, NTRK fusions, and MSI-high/dMMR status.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Although dabrafenib/trametinib (D+T) target the BRAF/MAPK pathway and show efficacy in BRAFV600E mutant melanoma, their effectiveness against GBM remains unclear.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “RESULTS: High sialylome activity defined a genomically stable but clinically advanced CRC subset enriched for left-sided tumours, mucinous histology, MSI, and BRAF mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism with ipsilateral multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma of classical, warthin-like, and follicular variants harboring distinct BRAF and NRAS mutations: a rare case report.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Histopathologic examination confirmed CD68+/CD163+ histiocytes harboring BRAF V600E/D and NRAS mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables the quantitative tracking of BRAF, NRAS, and TERT mutations using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnoses, and molecular analysis revealed a BRAF mutation.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “None of the tumors harbored BRAF mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Ameloblastomas are locally aggressive odontogenic tumors that most commonly arise in the mandible and maxilla and often harbor BRAF V600E mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Highly focused treatments have been developed as a result of significant genetic mutations, such as those in BRAF, NRAS, and KIT, as well as changes in signaling pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancers, with more than 90 % of mutations occurring at codon 600.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Some of the key improvements are in the use of Mediator Complex Subunit 12 (MED12)-knockout cells to study cell resistance to BRAF inhibitors, CRISPR models of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for breast cancer, and pharmacogenomic analysis in various cancer cell lines.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Encorafenib-based therapies reduced progression and death in BRAF V600E metastatic colorectal cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “These tumours vary significantly in histological architecture, immunohistochemical profiles, and genetic alterations, ranging from TRIM33::RET fusions and BRAF V600E mutations in OIDC to NR4A3 rearrangements in ACC and ETV6::NTRK3 fusions in SC.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Additional genetic alterations in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and other processes, along with low-frequency BRAF mutations, further emphasize this complexity.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF V600E mutation alone was significantly higher in MDM cases (22.2% vs 10.4%).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Computational and pharmacophore-based study of Camellia sinensis phytochemicals targeting BRAF in melanoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF mutations appear to varying degrees in human cancers.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes in human cancers.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “This study aims to investigate the prevalence of ALK, EGFR, KRAS, ROS1, MET, BRAF, and HER2 mutations in patients with NSCLC within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to assess the current state of molecular testing and targeted treatments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “There was B-Raf protooncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) c.1799T>A (p.V600E) point mutation and absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 hotspot mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Exploring the mutational spectrum of key kinase genes PIK3CA, BRAF, EGFR, ALK and ROS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The significance of these mutations lies in their role in reactivating telomerase, and when combined with BRAF and RAS mutations, they contribute to heightened aggressiveness in ATC.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “This study investigates eight key genes (BRAF, EIF1 AX, FOXE1, KRAS, PDGFRA, PIK3 CA, PTEN, and TERT) that are deregulated in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and their roles in thyroid cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Pilocytic astrocytoma with BARD1 mutation: oncogenic pathways via DNA damage repair mechanism and MAPK/BRAF.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Melanoma, an aggressive and highly metastatic form of skin cancer, remains challenging to treat due to its resistance to conventional therapies and frequent mutations in the BRAF signaling pathway.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Genetic biomarkers such as BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS may provide early precision treatment options that are crucial for patient survival and well-being.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Immunohistochemistry for BRAF V600E and molecular testing were performed where material was available.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The Prognostic Impact of Tumor Size and BRAF Mutational Status in Middle Eastern Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “In colorectal cancer, KRAS (39.0%), NRAS (8.0%), and BRAF (V600E, 4.0%) were the most observed mutations among genes recommended by the NCCN.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Tovorafenib is a type II RAF inhibitor recently approved by the FDA for relapsed or refractory paediatric low-grade glioma in children aged 6 months and older with BRAF fusions or V600E mutations, owing to its strong central nervous system penetration and absence of paradoxical MAPK pathway activation observed with type I inhibitors.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing methodologies have elucidated significant genetic mutations, which include RET, BRAF, TPO, and more, which are associated with thyroid cancers and autoimmune disorders.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect BRAF, NRAS, KRAS, HRAS, RET/PTC fusions, and TERT promoter mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Additionally, BRAF mutation contributes to 8-10 % of CRC cases, while mutation in PIK3C pathways is responsible for 20-25 % of cases.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is often driven by BRAF mutations, such as the V600E mutation, which promotes cancer growth through the MAPK pathway and contributes to treatment resistance.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that hsa05215: Prostate cancer is one of the most significant PCa enrichment signalling pathways which exhibited 18 protein-protein interactions including PDGFRB, PDGFRA, PPARG, GSK3B, MAP2K1, CREBBP, HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, CHUK, PIK3CD, BRAF, PIK3CB, MTOR, AR, PIK3CA, PLAU, CDK2, and MAPK1.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Exploring somatic mutations in BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS as therapeutic targets in Saudi colorectal cancer patients through massive parallel sequencing and variant classification.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Various genetic modifications including BRAF mutations, RAS mutations, RET mutations, paired-box gene 8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma fusion oncogene, RET/PTC rearrangements, telomerase reverse transcriptase mutations, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase fusion genes, TP53 mutations, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A X-linked mutations can effectively serve as potential biomarkers in both diagnosis and prognosis of TC.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “TERTp/BRAF V600E was the most prevalent mutation combination (n = 13, 43.3%), followed by TERTp alone (n = 8, 26.7%) and TERTp/RAS (n = 7, 23.4%).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the relationship between DNA methylation profiling (DMP) and pathological diagnosis (PD) in pediatric glial and glioneuronal tumors with B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) mutations, addressing their diagnostic challenges.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “While the first line therapeutic approach is vinblastine and prednisone, targeted therapies - specifically BRAF/MEK inhibitors - emerged as a promising second-line salvage strategy, particularly when a mutation is identified.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF and RET polymorphism association with thyroid cancer risk, a preliminary study from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Certain mutations such as those involving the BRAF gene can cause unopposed production of Langerhans cells, which is known as Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We did not find any mutations in genes such as BRAF, IDH1, CDKN2A, PTEN, and TP53, which are also listed as cancer-driver genes in gliomas.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The Prevalence and Prognostic Implications of BRAF K601E Mutations in Thyroid Neoplasms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The Impact of BRAF V600E Mutation Allele Frequency on the Histopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The most common mutation found in papillary thyroid carcinoma cases is the V600E mutation found in the BRAF gene, yet these patients have a relatively low probability of cancer recurrence.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The tissue ratio accurately diagnosed thyroid malignancy regardless of BRAF mutation or Hashimoto's thyroiditis status, overcoming genetic and autoimmune heterogeneity.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Notably, BRAF mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas, suggesting a connection between ameloblastic morphology and BRAF mutations, as AF is believed to be the precursor neoplasm leading to AFS.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We also conducted BRAF and TERT mutations analyses through Sanger sequencing.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Challenges and Opportunities in the Crusade of BRAF Inhibitors: From 2002 to 2022.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “In silico Screening and Validation of Achyranthes aspera as a Potential Inhibitor of BRAF and NRAS in Controlling Thyroid Cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Economic Evaluation of Three BRAF + MEK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Advanced Unresectable Melanoma With BRAF Mutation From a US Payer Perspective.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We show that the knockdown of FURIN suppresses tumor growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, spheroid growth, and progression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) mutant cells, whereas its overexpression in BRAF wild-type PTC cell lines reversed the effect.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “METHODS: In total, 694 patients from the clinical trials COIN and COIN-B had MAPK-activated CRCs (assigned as KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF mutant).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Results In total, 122 patients (median age, 61 years [IQR, 51-69 years]; 89 men) were included; 78% (95 of 122) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 0, 52% (45 of 86) had an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, 39% (48 of 122) had a metastatic stage of M1c and 45% (55 of 122) M1d, 45% (55 of 122) had BRAF V600E/K mutation, and the median MTV was 42 mL.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Mutant EGFR/BRAF pathways are thought to be crucial targets for the development of anticancer drugs since they are over-activated in several malignancies.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Seven patients had single-gene TERT promoter mutations, and 17 had concurrent mutations, including BRAF V600E, HRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and EIF1AX.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The combination regimen targeting BRAF and MEK inhibition, for instance, encorafenib (Braftovi™, ENF) plus binimetinib (Mektovi®, BNB), are now recommended as first-line treatment in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAF V600-activating mutation.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “METHODS: Clinical data, XIAP expression by immunohistochemistry and BRAF mutation status were analyzed in 1640 Saudi PTC patients seen at our institute between 1988 - 2020.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “No unique factor was correlated with aggressiveness; however, CNA-positive thyroid nodules that were associated with high-risk mutations such as BRAF V600E, TP53, NTRK1/3 fusion, or PTEN mutation with high allele frequency (AF) ended up being aggressive cancers.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF inhibitors have four types of conformers: type I (αC-IN/DFG-IN), type II (αC-IN/DFG-OUT), type I1/2 (αC-OUT/DFG-IN), and type I/II (αC-OUT/DFG-OUT).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Identification of novel natural drug candidates against BRAF mutated carcinoma; An integrative in-silico structure-based pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening process.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “One of the most common strategies is single-gene testing, which is often conducted for known mutations, such as BRAF in melanoma and EGFR in lung cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Exome sequencing revealed comparable frequencies of RNF43 and BRAF mutations in Middle Eastern colorectal cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Here, we describe and functionally characterize a germline SDHB mutation in a patient who developed a BRAF V600E mutation-positive papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and a TERT promotor mutation-positive PGL.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “On the other hand, specific mutations in ABCC1, ADIPOQ, CYP1A1, KIR, IL-17A, MMP2, NOTCH3, PRNCR1, RETN, TDG, TLR2, BRAF, PARP-1, TLR4, TLR-9, TNF-α, TSLP and XRCC1 genes demonstrated a substantial augmented CRC risk development in Saudi patients.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Prognostic Value of LINC-ROR (rs1942347) Variant in Patients with Colon Cancer Harboring BRAF Mutation: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Clinico-pathological associations for DM, BRAF mutation and TERT mutation were analyzed successfully in 184 patients.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We also detected mutations in other genes, including BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Since approximately 75% of ECD patients harbor a mutation in the proto-oncogene BRAF V600E, inhibition of BRAF activation by BRAF inhibitors has significantly improved the management of ECD.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “KRAS/NRAS/BRAF Mutation Rate in Saudi Academic Hospital Patients With Colorectal Cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The identification of BRAF-V600E mutation and role of BRAF inhibitors hold promise as a diagnostic tool and treatment modality, respectively, for PXAs, and their relationship to NF-1 is worth further exploration.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Malignant melanoma is characterized by both genetic and molecular alterations that activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and RAS/BRAF pathways.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Multivariate analysis demonstrated age ≤55 years (Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.38; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.59 - 34.31; p = 0.0108), tumor bilaterality (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.01 - 9.21; p = 0.0483), lymphovascular invasion (OR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.18 - 7.23; p = 0.0206) and BRAF mutation (OR = 3.24; 95% CI = 1.41 - 7.49; p = 0.0058) were independent predictors of CLNM in adult PTC.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “In the overall cohort, m-ETE was associated with multiple adverse features such as older age (p < 0.0001), male sex (p = 0.0245), tall cell variant (p < 0.0001), bilateral tumors (p < 0.0001), multifocality (p < 0.0001), lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.0001), distant metastasis (p = 0.0166), tumor recurrence (p < 0.0001), radioactive iodine refractoriness (p < 0.0001), BRAF mutation (p < 0.0001) and reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS; HR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.30 - 2.35; p < 0.0001) irrespective of tumor size.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Mutational spectrum of BRAF gene in colorectal cancer patients in Saudi Arabia.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF V600E-driven tumors have been speculated to rely on Wnt/β-catenin signaling to sustain its growth, although many details remain to be elucidated.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “OBJECTIVES: KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations are commonly present in colorectal cancer (CRC).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “851 cases of non-small cell lung cancer cases were profiled for the presence of biomarkers EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations by SNaPshot/sizing genotyping.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We also determined that BCPAPV600E cells stably transfected with MMP2 SNPs were highly sensitive to the treatment of BRAF inhibitor, PLX4720.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We also found PD-L1 to be significantly associated with BRAF mutation and patients with co-existing PD-L1 over-expression and BRAF mutation had a poor disease-free survival compared to patients with BRAF mutation alone.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Interestingly, PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in patients exhibiting MMR deficiency (p = 0.0169) and BRAF mutation (p = 0.0008).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Selected exon genes of KIT, PDGFRA and BRAF were amplified and subjected to mutation analysis by direct sequencing.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis, with BRAF mutation shown to promote PGE2 synthesis.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We performed harmonized molecular and clinical analysis on 1,048 melanomas and discovered markedly different global genomic properties among subtypes (BRAF, (N)RAS, NF1, triple wild-type (TWT)), subtype-specific preferences for secondary driver genes and active mutational processes previously unreported in melanoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “833 samples of non-small cell lung cancer from 799 patients who received resection of their lung cancer, were selected for molecular analysis of six known mutations, including EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2 and ALK.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “PURPOSE: Several recent studies have documented CTNNB1 and BRAF mutations which are mutually exclusive for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) and papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) tumors.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Mutations in known driver genes including BRAF, NRAS, and HRAS were shared and preferentially clonal in both sites.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF mutation serves as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in thyroid cancer, therefore establishing a rate of BRAF on the national scale could be of practical significance.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF in malignant melanoma progression and metastasis: potentials and challenges.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF and KRAS mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma in the United Arab Emirates.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Interestingly, we identified a GOPC-ROS1 fusion in an 8-year-old patient whose tumor lacked BRAF alterations and histologically classified as low grade glioma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: clinicopathological and molecular analysis of seven cases highlighting frequent BRAF and occasional NRAS mutations.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Screening of RAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), neuro-blastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)) somatic mutations is necessary prior to considering anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapies in CRC patients.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We evaluated variants in the following genes: BRAF, CBL, HRAS, KRAS, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, NF1, NRAS, PTPN11, RAF1, SHOC2, and SOS1.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Up to 80% of PTC tumors harbor the c.1799T>A hotspot mutation in the BRAF gene (BRAFV600E).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Recently, the targeting of ERK with ATP-competitive inhibitors has emerged as a potential clinical strategy to overcome acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitor combination therapies.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is categorized by alteration of vital pathways such as β-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations, WNT signaling activation, tumor protein 53 (TP53) inactivation, BRAF, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) inactivation, KRAS, dysregulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes, MYC amplification, etc.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Different conventional DNA markers, such as microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, chromosomal instability, and BRAF and KRAS mutations, have been used to classify colorectal cancer patients but have not yet shown promising prognostic values.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF gene mutations in synchronous papillary thyroid carcinoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis co-existing in the thyroid gland: a case report and literature review.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “RESULTS: Mutations in BRAF V600E and TP53 were detected in our case.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Histopathologic analyses resulted in a diagnosis of de novo GBM that was BRAF wild type and negative for programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the frequency and prognostic effect of RAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, and EGFR somatic mutations as well as mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lebanese Middle Eastern patients.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Recent developments and obstacles in the treatment of melanoma with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Recently tested CNSTs biomarkers include VEGFR-2, EGFRvIII, IL2, PDGFR, MMPs, BRAF, STAT3, PTEN, TERT, AKT, NF2, and BCL2.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF mutation is associated with poor clinicopathological outcomes in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Colonoscopy, CT/MRI, histopathology of tumor biopsies, and KRAS and BRAF testing were performed.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “This study comprehensively investigated a large series of pediatric DTC for single point mutations in BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and TERT.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Furthermore, BRAF V600E mutation is detected in 60% of ECD cases.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Ba-Hammam, Mohammad Athar P112 Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC): Systems oncological approach to identify diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers Gauthaman Kalamegam, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Muhammad Abu-Elmagd, Farid Ahmed Khalid HussainWali Sait, Nisreen Anfinan, Mamdooh Gari, Adeel Chaudhary, Adel Abuzenadah, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al-Qahtani P113 Crohn’s disease phenotype in northern Tunisian population Naira Ben Mami, Yosr Z Haffani, Mouna Medhioub, Lamine Hamzaoui, Ameur Cherif, Msadok Azouz P114 Establishment of In Silico approaches to decipher the potential toxicity and mechanism of action of drug candidates and environmental agents Gauthaman Kalamegam, Fazal Khan, Shilu Mathew, Mohammed Imran Nasser, Mahmood Rasool, Farid Ahmed, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mohammed Al-Qahtani P115 1q Gain predicts poor prognosis marker for young breast cancer patients Shereen A Turkistany, Lina M Al-harbi, Ashraf Dallol, Jamal Sabir, Adeel Chaudhary, Adel Abuzenadah P116 Disorders of sex chromosomes in a diagnostic genomic medicine unit in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence, diagnosis and future guidelines Basmah Al-Madoudi, Bayan Al-Aslani, Khulud Al-Harbi, Rwan Al-Jahdali, Hanadi Qudaih, Emad Al Hamzy, Mourad Assidi, Mohammed Al Qahtani P117 Combination of WYE354 and Sunitinib demonstrate synergistic inhibition of acute myeloid leukemia in vitro Asad M Ilyas, Youssri Ahmed, Mamdooh Gari, Farid Ahmed, Mohammed Alqahtani P118 Integrated use of evolutionary information in GWAS reveals important SNPs in Asthma Nada Salem, Sajjad Karim, Elham M Alhathli, Heba Abusamra, Hend F Nour Eldin, Mohammed H Al-Qahtani, Sudhir Kumar P119 Assessment of BRAF, IDH1, IDH2, and EGFR mutations in a series of primary brain tumors Fatima Al-Adwani, Deema Hussein, Mona Al-Sharif, Awatif Jamal, Fahad Al-Ghamdi, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Saleh S Baeesa, Mohammed Bangash, Adeel Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Hans-Juergen Schulten P120 Expression profiles distinguish oligodendrogliomas from glioblastoma multiformes with or without oligodendroglioma component Alaa Alamandi, Reem Alotibi, Deema Hussein, Sajjad Karim, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Fahad Al-Ghamdi, Awatif Jamal, Saleh S Baeesa, Mohammed Bangash, Adeel Chaudhary, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Mohammed Al-Qahtani P121 Hierarchical clustering in thyroid goiters and hyperplastic lesions Ohoud Subhi, Nadia Bagatian, Sajjad Karim, Adel Al-Johari, Osman Abdel Al-Hamour, Hosam Al-Aradati, Abdulmonem Al-Mutawa, Faisal Al-Mashat, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Mohammad Al-Qahtani P122 Differential expression analysis in thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinomas with or without coexisting thyroiditis Nadia Bagatian, Ohoud Subhi, Sajjad Karim, Adel Al-Johari, Osman Abdel Al-Hamour, Abdulmonem Al-Mutawa, Hosam Al-Aradati, Faisal Al-Mashat, Mohammad Al-Qahtani, Hans-Juergen Schulten, Jaudah Al-Maghrabi P123 Metagenomic analysis of waste water microbiome in Sausdi Arabia Muhammad W shah, Muhammad Yasir, Esam I Azhar, Saad Al-Masoodi P124 Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori from faecal samples of Tunisian patients with gastric cancer Yosr Z Haffani, Msadok Azouz, Emna Khamla, Chaima Jlassi, Ahmed S.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Positive cases were screened for BRAF mutations to exclude sporadic CRC and were evaluated for loss of expression of 4 DNA mismatch repair proteins using immunohistochemistry.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF and MAP2K1 mutations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a study of 50 cases.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “In addition to BRAF, N-RAS, and H-RAS, which have previously been shown to be recurrently mutated in PTC, our analysis highlights additional genes, including thyroglobulin (TG), which harbored somatic mutations in 3% of the entire cohort.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Classical V600E and other non-hotspot BRAF mutations in adult differentiated thyroid cancer.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The evidence is compelling but with some conflicting results for associations between TERT promoter mutations and tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastases, high tumor TNM stage, BRAF (V600E) mutation, recurrence, and mortality.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Furthermore, the role of the BRAF(V600E) mutation in the clinical outcome of pediatric TC is unknown.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for >80% thyroid malignancies, and BRAF(V600E) mutation is frequently found in >40% PTC.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “The BRAF(V600E) mutation is found in approximately 40% of papillary thyroid cancers (PTC).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF mutation screening, high CpG island methylator phenotype, and analysis for germline mutations were performed in 425 CRC samples.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “TERT promoter mutations were significantly more common in older (≥45 years) than younger patients and were associated with larger tumour size, vascular invasion, higher TNM stage (stage III and IV), BRAF(V600E) mutation and persistent/recurrent disease at 6-12 months after initial treatment and at the last follow up.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration BRAF(V600E) mutation analysis in papillary thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “METHODS: Molecular characterization of 770 CRC specimens was performed for microsatellite instability, BRAF, and KRAS by polymerase chain reaction and 500 cases for CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) high phenotype by MethyLight technology.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “METHODS: K-RAS (exons 2, 3, 4) wild type colorectal cancer patients, candidates to second/third-line cetuximab with chemotherapy were prospectively allocated into 2 groups on the basis of their profile: favourable (BRAF and PIK3CA exon 20 wild type, EGFR GCN ≥ 2.6, HER-3 Rajkumar score ≤ 8, IGF-1 immunostaining < 2) or unfavourable (any of the previous markers altered or mutated).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “A very low incidence of BRAF mutations in Middle Eastern colorectal carcinoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF mutational epidemiology in dysplastic nevi: does different solar UV radiation exposure matter?” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Comparing BRAF mutation status in matched primary and metastatic cutaneous melanomas: implications on optimized targeted therapy.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Frequently mutated genes were: TP53 (39.6%), KRAS exons 3/4 (8.8%), NRAS exons 2/3 (7.1%), PIK3CA exons 9/20 (13.2%), BRAF (8.2%).” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Concomitant RAS, RET/PTC, or BRAF mutations in advanced stage of papillary thyroid carcinoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Increased CYP24A1 expression is associated with BRAF(V600E) mutation and advanced stages in papillary thyroid carcinoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF analysis on a spectrum of melanocytic neoplasms: an epidemiological study across differing UV regions.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “We performed a comprehensive mutational survey in the highly related RAS genes HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS in a case series of proliferative thyroid lesions with known BRAF mutational status, originating from an ethnically diverse group.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Metastasectomy was performed by pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by sorafenib as genetic testing revealed a BRAF V600E mutation.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Predictors of BRAF mutation in melanocytic nevi: analysis across regions with different UV radiation exposure.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF mutations in thyroid tumors from an ethnically diverse group.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Pancreatic metastasis arising from a BRAF(V600E)-positive papillary thyroid cancer: the role of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy and response to sorafenib therapy.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Our data showed that high expressions of p-Met and DR5 were significantly associated with an aggressive phenotype of PTC and correlated with BRAF mutation.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Mutational screening of RET, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, AKT1, and CTNNB1 in medullary thyroid carcinoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Mutation of IGFBP7 causes upregulation of BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway and familial retinal arterial macroaneurysms.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “BRAF, RAS, and P53 mutations or PAX8/PPAR-gamma rearrangement were screened in the FVPTC.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Aberrant BRAF splicing as an alternative mechanism for oncogenic B-Raf activation in thyroid carcinoma.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “PIK3CA amplification was seen in 54 of 152 (35.5%) EOC cases analyzed; PIK3CA gene mutations in 6/153 EOC (3.9%); KRAS mutations in 3/154 EOC (1.9%), BRAF mutations in 3/156 EOC (1.9%), p53 mutation in 50/154 EOC (32.5%), and loss of PTEN protein expression in 33/144 EOC (22.9%). p110 alpha overexpression was associated with increased phosphorylation of AKT-Ser 473 and with the proliferation marker Ki-67.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Oncogenic activation of MAP kinase by BRAF pseudogene in thyroid tumors.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |
| gene | BRAF | “Mutation analysis was done by direct DNA sequencing of PIK3CA, N2-RAS, and BRAF genes.” | 0.98 | hgnc_dict_v1 |